Since the monasteries were independent from the Sultan, it is alleged that within the Krifo Scholio here the Greek language was kept alive; according to popular legend, reading and writing were taught in secrecy, generation after generation as the Ottomans forbade the general population from learning how to read and write their own language.
The Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar a grandson of Aurangzeb, is also known to have sent a letter to the Ottomans but this time it was received by the Grand Vizier Nevşehirli Damad Ibrahim Pasha providing a graphic description of the efforts of the Mughal commander Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha against the Rajput and Maratha rebellion.
The British were defeated by the Ottomans on the 29th of April 1916 in Kut (south of Baghdad), where tens of thousands of Anglo-Indian troops died or were wounded, and thousands more were taken prisoner, including their commander Sir Charles Townshend.
Philadelphia was an independent, neutral city under the influence of the Latin Knights of Rhodes, when taken in 1390 by Sultan Bayezid I and an auxiliary Christian force under the Byzantine emperor Manuel II after a prolonged resistance, by which time all the other cities of Asia Minor had surrendered to the Ottomans.
During the Safavid period, the Ardalans were deeply involved in the struggles between the Iranian and Ottoman empires and, whenever it suited them, they shifted their allegiance to the Ottoman state, thus when one of their leaders Ambez Miran supported the Ottomans against the Iranians he was expelled and left Ardalan to live in Soran.
The Assyrians and Yezidi were prepared to move against the Ottomans, whenever the support from Erekle II arrived, but Russian General Totleben changed his mind and turned his detachment back to Kartli.
It was the first facing of Turks at Rudine, the Bosnians, although fewer, finally fought near the town of Bileća and gave them a defeat, which delayed the Ottomans' advances into Bosnia.
Second Battle of Çatalca, fought on 3 February – 30 May 1913 between the Bulgarians and Ottomans
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First Battle of Çatalca, fought on 17–18 November 1912 between the Bulgarians and Ottomans
Two soldiers of the 1st Battalion, the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, Captain Gerald O'Sullivan and Corporal James Somers, were awarded the Victoria Cross for recapturing a trench taken by the Ottomans during a counter-attack.
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In the ravine the 1st Battalion, Border Regiment did not advance as far as those troops on the spur since Ottomans there were somewhat sheltered from the deadly bombardment from the sea.
Peter Sugar: The Early History and the Establishment of the Ottomans in Europe, in "Southeastern Europe Under Ottoman Rule, 1354–1804".
After trying separately to find an advantageous position with respect to the Ottomans for several weeks, occasionally having to land to find water, the Allied force went to Marathonisi, near the top of the Gulf of Matapan, to water.
When the Ottomans crossed the Bahlui River in Iaşi on 25 June 1821, Lieutenant Catakouzenos and his forces, originally stationed on the Russian frontier, crossed the Prut River.
After the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, in sixteenth century the chapel became part of the large land estate bought by the hospodar of Moldavia to host his envoys in Istanbul, and named accordingly Boğdan Sarayi ("Moldavian Palace").
During the First Balkan War of 1912–1913, Drangov headed a brigade on the Thracian front, defeating the Ottomans at Çatalca and during the Siege of Adrianople.
In January 1528, the Ottomans under Gazi Husrev-beg took command of Jajce, Banja Luka and Ključ, followed by Krbava and Lika in the spring of that year.
The bottom part bears a copper strip adorned with a monogram separated by rosettes * IN * PE * RA * TO * RE BT *, which means: Jhezus Nazarenus * Principi Emathie * Regi Albaniae * Terrori Osmanorum * Regi Epirotarum * Benedictat Te (Jesus Nazarene Blesses Thee Skanderbeg, Prince of Mat, King of Albania, Terror of the Ottomans, King of Epirus).
After King Sigismund died in 1437, the attacks intensified, with the Ottomans occupying Borač in 1438 and Zvornik and Srebrenica in 1439.
But when his son was captured by the Ottomans, he retreated to Ìpsili, today Doğanbey, a town in İzmir Province.
The fountain was built by Qasim Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Jerusalem in 1527 during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, making the first public structure to be built on the Haram al-Sharif/ Al-Aqsa Mosque by the Ottomans.
The Ottomans also replaced their top leadership, bringing in the former Chief of the German General Staff, General von Falkenhayn.
He soon returned to his struggle against the Ottomans and recovered Lorri in 1601.
The surname originates from the Adriatic island of Krapanj, where they settled in the 16th century after seeking refuge from the Ottomans.
The meaning of her stage name is Haiduc, an "outlaw" or "of outlawry," e.g., Bulgarian, Serbian or Romanian outlaw-type hero who helps the poor (similar to Robin Hood or Tadas Blinda) or the rebels who fought the Ottomans when they occupied the Balkans for over 400 years (1453-circa 1900).
After the disastrous Battle of Ankara in 1402 however, the weakened Ottomans were forced to return the eastern half of Thessaly to Byzantine rule, while the remainder reverted to virtual independence, and the two forts of Pteleos and Gardiki came under Venetian control.
After the victory against the Ottomans at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, the Emperor Leopold I granted the castle, significant properties and the title of the Duke of Syrmia to Livio Odescalchi, nephew of Pope Innocent XI and a member of the powerful Italian aristocratic Odescalchi family, which would own the castle for the next two centuries.
Although in 1555 the Ottomans and Safavids signed the Treaty of Zuhab (or Qasr’i Shirin) in 1639, a peace accord based on accepting the legitimacy of each other's empires, in 1732 Nadir Shah launched a new initiative to reconquer Iraq, leading to four separate invasions between 1732 and 1743.
The widow Queen Elisabeth of Luxembourg was left alone with her newborn son who was crowned as Ladislaus V of Hungary, however the Turkish wars represented a serious danger to the Kingdom, and the noblemen called from Poland the young King Władysław, and crowned him as Hungarian King making him promise he will defend the State against the Ottomans.
He was the 3rd Head vizier of the Albanian Pashalik of Scutari In the 1780s his rebellious character brought him into conflict with the Ottomans.
Karposh Square, a square across the Stone Bridge on the other side of Macedonia Square in Skopje is named after Karpos, where the leader of the uprising was executed by the Ottomans.
Speros Vryonis, ‘Laonikos Chalkokondyles and the Ottoman budget’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 7 (1976), 423-32, and reprinted in Vryonis, Studies on Byzantium, Seljuks and Ottomans, No.
The Bulgarian anarchist movement grew in the 1890s, and the territory of Principality of Bulgaria became a staging-point for anarchist activities against the Ottomans.
She was also a granddaughter-in-law of His Imperial Majesty Sultan Abdülmecid II, Emperor of the Ottomans, Commander of the Faithful and "Successor of the Prophet of the Lord of the Universe and Caliph of Islam".
In addition, the Ottomans, after having managed to deprive southern Albania from its leaders, defeated the following year, in 1831, the Pashalik of Scutari, the last remaining Albanian pashalik giving signals of separatism.
The art developed and became a major industry in Bethlehem and nearby towns like Beit Sahour and Beit Jala in the 16th and 17th centuries when Italian and Franciscan artisans on pilgrimage to the area — by now under the rule of the Ottomans — taught the residents how to carve.
When the leader of the Maniots was executed by the Ottomans, his mother led the men of Skoutari who dressed up as priests on Easter Sunday and were allowed entry to the castle.
They had several advantages over the Ottomans, allowing them to win the first encounters, such as forcing Kasim Pasha of Rumelia and his co-commander Turakhan Beg to abandon camp and flee to Sofia, Bulgaria to warn Murad of the invasion.
He became a Knights Hospitaller and was the Order's governor of the island of Lango when Rhodes fell to the Ottomans on New Year's Day 1523, and was still there in 1534 when he received the news of his election to the office of Grand Master of the Order, to succeed Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam at Malta.
In 1485, Moldavian prince Stephen the Great, after losing in the previous year his country's exit to the Black Sea to the Ottomans, was in serious need of alliances, and swore allegiance to Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland for Pokuttia, in what is known as the Colomeea oath.
During his 3-year reign, the Order of Malta sent reinforcements to support Venetians besieged by the Ottomans in Candia (Candia eventually fell after a siege lasting more than two decades in September 1669, almost 6 years after Cotoner's death).
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During Cotoner's reign, the Order of Malta sent troops to Candia, besieged by the Ottomans.
The reconquest of Gallipoli was a successful attempt by Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy, to take back Gallipoli after its capture by the Ottomans in 1354 following a disastrous earthquake.
Siege of the Acropolis (1687) by the Venetians against the Ottomans, during the Morean War
After hearing about the overthrow of the governor Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha in 1803, Ali Pasha asked to be made the governor of Egypt, even though it appeared as though the Albanian troops had taken control of the province from the Ottomans.
After a short invasion by Temur, Turhal was taken over once more by the Ottomans in 1413.
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The most significant change in the demographic structure of Turhal occurred during the second half of the 19th century as the town became a place of settlement for the Muslim refugees and immigrants coming from the Balkans and Caucasus due to constant military conflicts that the collapsing Ottomans got involved around those regions such as the Crimean War (1854–1878) and the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878.
Completed by Roman Emperor Valens in the late 4th century AD, it was maintained and used by the Byzantines and later the Ottomans, and remains of the most important landmarks of the city.