X-Nico

unusual facts about genes



Achaete-scute complex

The achaete-scute complex (AS-C) is a group of four genes (achaete, scute, lethal of scute, and asense) in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a congenital immune-mediated neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the SAMHD1, TREX1, or Ribonuclease H2 (RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C) genes.

AMPHORA

AMPHORA2 uses 31 bacterial and 104 archaeal phylogenetic marker genes for inferring phylogenetic information from metagenomic datasets.

Angiomyolipoma

Whether associated with these diseases or sporadic, angiomyolipomas are caused by mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which govern cell growth and proliferation.

Archaellum

Archaea were first classified as a separate group of prokaryotes in 1977 by Carl Woese and George E. Fox based on the differences in the sequence of ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) genes.

Blastocystis

The genome encodes several subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) but lacks all trace of genes for cytochrome and ATPase subunits (Complexes III-V).

Chemerin

RARRES1, RARRES2 (this gene), and RARRES3 are genes whose expression is upregulated by the synthetic retinoid tazarotene.

Conserved non-coding sequence

CNSs shared by paralogous clusters of Hox genes are candidates for expression regulating regions, possibly coordinating the similar expression patterns of these genes.

Cytochrome P450 reductase

Five missense mutations (A284P, R454H, V489E, C566Y, and V605F) and a splicing mutation in the POR genes have been found in patients who had hormonal evidence for combined deficiencies of two steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzymes - P450c17 CYP17A1, which catalyzes steroid 17α-hydroxylation and 17,20 lyase reaction, and P450c21 21-Hydroxylase, which catalyzes steroid 21-hydroxylation.

DecisionDx-UM

DecisionDx-UM assesses the gene expression profile (GEP) of a subset of genes which are differentially expressed in primary tumor cells compared to cells that have undergone transformation to a metastatic phenotype.

Directive on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions

On December 13, 1995, the Commission adopted a new proposal was nearly identical to the rejected version, was changed again, but the Parliament put aside its ethical concerns on patenting of human genes in on July 12, 1998 in its second reading and adopted the Common Position of the Council, so in the second legislative process, the directive was adopted.

DLX3

The Distal-less (Dlx) family of genes comprises at least 6 different members, DLX1-DLX6.

DNA mismatch repair

Specifically the overwhelming majority of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC) are attributed to mutations in the genes encoding the MutS and MutL homologues MSH2 and MLH1 respectively, which allows them to be classified as tumour suppressor genes.

Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia

Dopamine related genes linked to psychosis in this way include COMT, DRD4, and AKT1.

Dutch hypothesis

Genetic association studies that have uncovered the same polymorphisms in people with asthma and COPD provide support for the notion that the two conditions share some biological characteristics; implicated genes include ADAM33, CCL5 and IL17F.

Earth Microbiome Project

The 16S ribosomal RNA gene for bacteria and the 18S ribosomal RNA gene for protists are often used as target genes for this purpose.

Endometrial stromal sarcoma

This translocation leads to the fusion of two polycomb group genes, JAZF1 and JJAZ1, with production of a fusion transcript with anti-apoptotic properties.

Fecal occult blood

The test looks at 23 individual DNA alterations, including 21 specific point alterations in the APC, KRAS and p53 genes, as well as testing BAT26, a gene involved in microsatellite instability (MSI).

FOXC2

EMT can be induced by a number of genes including Snail, Twist, Goosecoid, and TGF-beta 1.

FOXM1

More recently a study using transgenic/knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) has shown that FOXM1 regulates expression of a large array of G2/M-specific genes, such as Plk1, cyclin B2, Nek2 and CENPF, and plays an important role in maintenance of chromosomal segregation and genomic stability.

Gateway Cassette

The Gateway Technology provides a quick and highly efficient way to move genes into a multiple vector system for functional analysis and protein expression (Invitrogen, Gateway Technology Manual, 2003).

Guy of Roye

He got into a quarrel with the marshals of Volti, near Gênes, on his way to the council of Pisa with Louis I of Bar and Pierre d'Ailly, leading to a riot in which Guy was killed by a crossbow bolt.

Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria

Hepatoerythropoietic porphyria is a very rare form of hepatic porphyria caused by a disorder in both genes which code Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (UROD).

Homeodomain fold

Most vertebrates have six genes from the Dlx family of homeodomain transcription factors, arranged into three clusters: Dlx1/Dlx2, Dlx3/Dlx4 and Dlx5/Dlx6.

Human genetic clustering

In 2003, British statistician and evolutionary biologist A. W. F. Edwards faulted Lewontin’s statement for basing his conclusions on simple comparison of genes and rather on a more complex structure of gene frequencies.

Interferon gamma

Cause normal cells to increase expression of class I MHC molecules as well as class II MHC on antigen presenting cells—specifically through induction of antigen processing genes, including subunits of the immunoproteasome (MECL1, LMP2, LMP7), as well as TAP and ERAAP in addition possibly to the direct upregulation of MHC heavy chains and B2-microglobulin itself

Jaime Imitola

Jaime Imitola and Evan Y. Snyder to denote the regenerative (micro-enviroments) areas created after CNS damage and the ability to visualize these areas by using stem cells expressing reporter genes (i.e LacZ).

Lacto-rpoB RNA motif

These genes encode a subunit of RNA polymerase, and it is hypothesized that Lacto-rpoB RNA participate in the regulation of these genes.

Lawrence Eron

While at Harvard Medical School, he worked on a research team with the American geneticist Jonathan Beckwith, and in 1969, the team successfully isolated a single group of genes from a bacterial chromosome.

Medulloblastoma

Recurrent mutations in the genes CTNNB1, PTCH1, MLL2, SMARCA4, DDX3X, CTDNEP1, KDM6A and TBR1 were identified in individuals with medulloblastoma.

Mir-48

Along with mir-241, mir-48 is found in the lin-58 allele between the genes hum-5 and unc-76.

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency

Mutations in the HADHA and HADHB genes cause mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency.

Monilethrix

Monilethrix is caused by mutations affecting the genes KRTHB1 (KRT81), KRTHB3 (KRT83), or KRTHB6 (KRT86) which code for type II hair cortex keratins.

MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians

In 2007, Wilford Taylor, the Chief of the MOWA Choctaw Indians, agreed to participate in a DNA autosomal test that would map his genes, as part of the Genographic Project administered by the National Geographic Society.

Myriad Genetics

Two of the company's patents on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes were ruled invalid on March 29, 2010 by Judge Robert W. Sweet in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Neotyphodium

Key genes and enzymes for ergot alkaloid biosynthesis have been identified in epichloae and include dmaW, encoding dimethylallyl-tryptophan synthase and lpsA, a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase.

NeuN

The mammalian genome contains three genes homologous to C. elegans Fox-1, called Fox-1, Fox-2 and Fox-3.

Nigel Paterson

2005 Horizon/Nova: The Ghost in Your Genes producer & director

NRF1

Nrf1, together with Nrf2, mediates the biogenomic coordination between nuclear and mitochondrial genomes by directly regulating the expression of several nuclear-encoded ETC proteins, and indirectly regulating the three mitochondrial-encoded COX subunit genes by activating mtTFA, mtTFB1, and mtTFB2.

Patent Lens

For agriculture and the environment, landscapes exist to describe the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants, promoters used to regulate gene expression, antibiotic resistance genes and their uses in plant genetic transformation, resistance to Phosphinothricin, positive selection, bioindicators/ambiosensors, and the rice genome.

Protein music

Gödel, Escher, Bach draws similarities and analogies between genes and music.

R.Krishnamurthy

Under the Bt cotton Programme, involving Bollgard-1 and Bolgard-2 genes, 14 Bt cotton hybrids have been released for the North, Central and South zones of India & Bt hybrids have been released through other cotton seed companies in the country.

Rett syndrome

In less than 10% of RTT cases, mutations in the genes CDKL5 or FOXG1 have also been found to resemble it.

Ribophorin

Consequently, defects in the genes that encode these proteins may cause congenital disorders and devastating consequences; ribophorin I and II are encoded by the genes RPN1 and RPN2 respectively.

Samchillian

Currently, Leon continues to play with Vernon Reid, James Blood Ulmer, and leads his own band Genes and Machines with an album scheduled for release in 2011.

Selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist

These target genes encode proteins such as cyclooxygenase, NO synthase, phospholipase A2, tumor necrosis factor, transforming growth factor beta, ICAM-1, and a number of other pro-inflammatory proteins.

Tachykinin peptides

The two human tachykinin genes are called TAC1 and TAC3 for historical reasons, and are equivalent to Tac1 and Tac2 of the mouse, respectively.

Walker–Warburg syndrome

Several mutations were found in the protein O-Mannosyltransferase POMT1 and POMT2 genes, and one mutation was found in each of the fukutin and fukutin-related protein genes.


see also