histone H3 | Histone H3 | Histone H2B | Histone H2A | Histone H4 | Histone deacetylase |
It functions by regulating the binding of histones to DNA in nucleosomes and thereby controlling the expression of genes on that DNA.
Also available are antibodies against a specific histone modification like H3 tri methyl K4.
For example, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 can remove the activating mark histone 3 acetyl lysine 9 (H3K9Ac), then the histone methylase G9a can add methyl groups, while the histone demethylase lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) can remove the activating mark H3K4me.
The aberrant epigenetic landscape of the cancer cell is characterized by a global genomic hypomethylation, CpG island promoter hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, an altered histone code for critical genes and a global loss of monoacetylated and trimethylated histone H4.
In mice, EZH1 and EZH2 cogovern histone H3K27 trimethylation and are essential for hair follicle homeostasis and wound repair.
Histone H2B, one of 5 main histone proteins involved in the structure of chromatin in eukaryotic cells
The stem-loop is bound by a 31 kDa stem-loop binding protein (SLBP - also termed the histone hairpin binding protein, or HBP).
It consists of two copies of each of the four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4).
Development of drugs using histone proteins as vectors for genetic constructs as well as research on the clinical efficacy of using histone H1.3 taking into account its selective anticancer activity.
It interacts with chromatin, the histone methyltransferase G9a (responsible for the mono- and dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 9, H3K9), and the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2, PRC2, (responsible for the trimethylation of H3K27).
MBD3 is a subunit of the NuRD, a multisubunit complex containing nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase activities.
The NuRD complex contains seven subunits: the histone deacetylase core proteins HDAC1 and HDAC2, the histone-binding proteins RbAp46 and RbAp48, the metastasis-associated proteins MTA1 (or MTA2 / MTA3), the methyl-CpG-binding domain protein MBD3 (or MBD2) and the chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3 (aka Mi-2alpha) or CHD4 (aka Mi-2beta).
The PHD finger occurs in proteins such as the transcriptional co-activators p300 and CBP, Polycomb-like protein (Pcl), Trithorax-group proteins like ASH1L, ASH2L and MLL, the autoimmune regulator (AIRE), Mi-2 complex (part of histone deacetylase complex), the co-repressor TIF1, the JARID1-family of demethylases and many more.
STAT5 can also form homo-tetramers, usually in concert with the histone methyltransferase EZH2, and act as a trancriptional repressor.
Tranylcypromine has also been shown to inhibit the histone demethylase, BHC110/LSD1.
It can also be associated with mutations in the histone methyltransferase NSD1 gene on chromosome 5q35.