X-Nico

9 unusual facts about Anatolia


Bejan Matur

The book is considered by the critics, as one of the best book ever written about an Anatolian city.

Caucones

The Kaucones (or Caukônes) were an autochthonous tribe of Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) whose migrations brought them to the western Greek mainland in Arkadia, Triphylian Pylos, and north into Elis.

Circolo Speleologico Romano

The first major exploration campaigns outside Italy, of the Anatolia caves, began after the First World War leading to important biological discoveries.

Jahan Shah

During his reign he managed to expand the Kara Koyunlu’s territory to its largest extent, including Western Anatolia, most of present day Iraq, central Iran, and even eventually Kerman.

Kayqubad II

The vizier Shams al-Din al-Isfahani, seeking to defend a degree of Seljuk sovereignty in Anatolia from the Mongols, put Kayqubad on the throne together with his two elder brothers, Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV.

Kayqubad was buried somewhere in the wastes between Anatolia and Mongolia.

He witnessed Bayju assembling his horsemen for the migration to Anatolia and sent messages advising his brothers to comply with the Mongol’s demands.

Metallurgy

This includes the ancient and medieval kingdoms and empires of the Middle East and Near East, ancient Iran, ancient Egypt, ancient Nubia, and Anatolia (Turkey), Ancient Nok, Carthage, the Greeks and Romans of ancient Europe, medieval Europe, ancient and medieval China, ancient and medieval India, ancient and medieval Japan, amongst others.

SunExpress

With this launch, SunExpress became the first airline company to connect İzmir with Anatolian cities with direct flights in Turkey.


1660 destruction of Tiberias

Many Conversos, (Marranos and Moriscos) and Sephardi Jews fled to the Ottoman provinces, settling at first in Constantinople, Salonika, Sarajevo, Sofia and Anatolia.

187 BC

Antiochus III the Great, Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian Empire from 223 BC, who has rebuilt the empire in the East but failed in his attempt to challenge Roman ascendancy in Greece and Anatolia (b. c. 241 BC)

213 BC

Achaeus, Seleucid general and later separatist ruler of most of Anatolia until his defeat and execution by the Seleucid king Antiochus III

Abdullah Eksioglu

In 1993 he established the news agency Agency Europe & Anatolia together with Elvin Eksioglu.

AKN

Akn (Armenian: Ակն), a town in Central Anatolia or historical lesser Armenia founded by the Armenian Artsruni dynasty

Amasya Province

Amasya, between the Black Sea and inner Anatolia, lies at the centre of a region of fertile plains crossed by the Yeşilırmak, Çekerek, and Tersakan rivers.Despite being near the Black Sea Amasya is at a high altitude and has a dry climate with hot summers and cold winters.

Anatolian Bulgarians

The existence of Bulgarian villages in Anatolia was noted by western travellers such as the Italian Dr Salvatori (1807), the Frenchman J.M. Tancoigne and the Briton George Keppel (1829).

Ankuwa

Ankuwa was an ancient Hattian and Hittite settlement in central Anatolia.

Antonio Bey Figari

From 1844 to 1849, by way of requests from Muhammad Ali and Abbas I, he embarked on a number of expeditions in Egypt, Anatolia and the Arabian desert in order to search for marble and coal.

Assuwa league

However, identification of ..uqqa with later-attested Lukka (Lycia) is problematic, because that would put the Assuwa league both north and south of Arzawa in southwestern Anatolia.

Bayezid I

Meanwhile, he begin the reunification of the Turkish Anatolia, conquering the beyliks of Aydin, Saruhan in 1390, the beyliks of Mentese, Germiyan and Kastamonu in 1391; and finally the great emirate of Karaman and the ex-emirate of Burhan-ad-Din in Tokat, Sivas and Kayseri(1397–98).

Bohtan

The Bokhtis are mentioned by Herodotus as inhabiting eastern Anatolia and forming thirteenth Achaemenid district, (together with Armenia).

Bombus soroeensis

In the west its distribution reaches the British mainland (including Skye and some minor Scottish islands, but excluding Ireland and the major Scottish islands), while in the east it extends to Lake Baykal in central Siberia, Mongolia, and, in the south-east, Anatolia and the northern Iranian mountains.

Chrysaorium

Chrysaorium was an ancient city in Caria, Anatolia, between Euromus (also Eunomus) and Stratonicea.

Constantine IV

The Arabs withdrew and were almost simultaneously defeated on land in Lycia in Anatolia.

Crypto-Christianity

Due to the religious strife that has marked the Balkan Peninsula and Anatolia, instances of crypto-Christian behavior are reported to this day in Muslim-dominated areas of the former Yugoslavia, Albania, and Turkey.

Elena Nathanael

Her father was a textile designer and manufacturer, an Asia Minor Greek descended from Ayvalık, while her mother was a Maniot.

Elvin Eksioglu

She founded news agency Agency Europe & Anatolia with Abdullah Eksioglu in November 1993.

European wildcat

Many authorities restrict the subspecies F. s. silvestris to the populations of the European mainland, but in 2007, a genetic study suggested that the European populations, as well as populations in Sicily, Anatolia, and the Caucasus Mountains belong in this subspecies; on the other hand, populations in Corsica, Sardinia, Crete, and Cyprus turned out to be introduced African wildcats.

Georgios Polymenakos

In 1921 he commanded the III Army Corps in Anatolia, and he led it in the Greek summer offensive and the advance towards the Sakarya River.

Hakobyan

V. H. Hagopian, professor of Ottoman Turkish and Persian in Anatolia College.

Haplogroup I-M438

Of historical note, both haplogroups I-M253 and I-M223 appear at a low frequency in the historical regions of Bithynia and Galatia in Turkey, possibly descendants of the Thracians, Cataphract of Alexander the Great at 334 BC, and Varangians, who are historically recorded to have invaded those parts of Anatolia from the 9th to 11th centuries.

Hellenopolis

Hellenopolis was a city in Anatolia (perhaps Bithynia or Mysia) founded by an Attalus, by gathering together the inhabitants of a number of Greek cities.

History of the Jews in Turkey

The Sephardi Jews were allowed to settle in the wealthier cities of the empire, especially in the European provinces (cities such as: Istanbul, Sarajevo, Salonica, Adrianople and Nicopolis), Western and Northern Anatolia (Bursa, Aydın, Tokat and Amasya), but also in the Mediterranean coastal regions (for example: Jerusalem, Safed, Damascus, Egypt).

Imbros

After the Greco-Turkish War ended in Greek defeat in Anatolia, and the fall of Lloyd George and his Middle Eastern policies, the western powers agreed to the Treaty of Lausanne with the new Turkish Republic, in 1923.

John D. Ray

His principal field of interest covers the Late and Hellenistic periods of Egypt, with special reference to documents in the demotic script, and he is also known for deciphering the Carian script, a writing system used by Anatolian mercenaries who fought for the late-period Egyptians.

Küçük Mustafa

Although unsuccessful in the siege of Bursa, the co-capital of the empire, Küçük Mustafa captured İznik (Nicaea of antiquity), another important city in the Anatolia.

Luigi Padovese

Luigi Padovese (March 31, 1947, Milan – June 3, 2010, Iskenderun) was the titular bishop of Monteverde and the vicar apostolic of Anatolia in Turkey.

Malkoçoğlu family

He was in command of the Sivas fort during the Timurid invasion of Anatolia and defended it with 3000 soldiers against Timur's 200,000 men for 18 days.

Occupation of Turkish Armenia

During the Conference of London, David Lloyd George encouraged American President Woodrow Wilson to accept a mandate for Anatolia, particularly with the support of the Armenian diaspora, for the provinces claimed by the Administration for Western Armenia during its largest occupation in 1916.

Orhan

Orhan did not continue with any other conquests in Anatolia except taking over Ankara from the commercial-religious fraternity guild of Ahis.

Ottoman Greeks

They were concentrated in what is today modern Greece and Greek Macedonia, western Asia Minor (especially in and around Smyrni), central Anatolia (espacially Cappadocia), northeastern Anatolia (especially in Erzurum vilayet, in and around Trebizond and in the Pontic Alps (roughly corresponding to the medieval Greek kingdom of Pontus, which was situated along the southeastern shores of the Black Sea and the highlands of the interior).

Phrygia

Gordias refounded a capital at Gordium in west central Anatolia, situated on the old trackway through the heart of Anatolia that became Darius's Persian "Royal Road" from Pessinus to Ancyra, and not far from the River Sangarius.

During the 8th century BC the Phrygian kingdom with its capital at Gordium in the upper Sakarya River valley expanded into an empire dominating most of central and western Anatolia and encroaching upon the larger Assyrian Empire to its southeast and the kingdom of Urartu to the northeast.

Phrygian Sibyl

In the extended complement of sibyls of the Gothic and Renaissance imagination, the Phrygian Sibyl was the priestess presiding over an Apollonian oracle at Phrygia, a historical kingdom in the west central part of the Anatolian highlands.

Polemon I of Pontus

Zenon encouraged the locals to resist the Roman General Quintus Labienus and King Pacorus I of Parthia, when their armies invaded Syria and Anatolia.

Proto-Indo-Europeans

Another counter-argument is the fact that ancient Anatolia is known to have been inhabited by non-Indo-European people, namely the Hattians, Khalib/Karub, and Khaldi/Kardi; though this does not preclude the possibility that the earliest Indo-European speakers may have been there too.

Reseda minoica

The specific name is given after the Minoan civilisation, which flourished during the Bronze Age in Crete, and whose cultural influences spread to Cyprus, Anatolia and the Levantine coast.

Reşit Galip

Although he briefly served as an assistant in the faculty, he later on moved to Tavşanlı (a town in mid-west Anatolia) to participate in the Turkish War of Independence.

Sareisa

Sareisa or Shareisha was an ancient city in southeast Anatolia, near Tigris.

Selim I

In 1514, to reduce the chances of attack during his march to Iran, Selim I sent his officials to the province of Rum, in north-central Anatolia, with orders to register by name anyone identified as Qizilbash, including members of the Alevi population.

Sidera

Seleucia Sidera, ancient city in the northern part of Pisidia, Anatolia

Silver coin

The earliest coins of the western world were minted in the kingdom of Lydia in Asia Minor around 600 BC.

The Castle of Fu Manchu

With his evil daughter, Lin Tang, his army of dacoits, and the help of the local crime organization led by Omar Pasha (whom Fu Manchu doublecrosses), Fu Manchu takes over the governor's castle in Istanbul which has a massive Opium reserve, to control the largest opium port in Anatolia, a fuel for his machine.

Winifred Lamb

Winifred Lamb (1894-1963) was a British art historian, archeologist, and museum curator who specialised in Greek, Roman, Anatolian cultures and artifacts.


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