X-Nico

42 unusual facts about Ottoman Empire


3rd government of Turkey

Previously, he was a minister in an Ottoman Empire government and prime minister in pre-Republican Turkey (1923).

Al-Khurma dispute

Ibn Saud himself however did not maintain neutrality through World War I, being generously supported by the British against the pro-Ottoman emirate of Ha'il.

Alfred Arthur Greenwood Hales

Hales was not content to be merely a writer of fiction, he went to Bulgaria and fought in the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Turks in 1903 in the band of general Ivan Tsonchev - the leader of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee.

Augustus, Elector of Saxony

In 1576 he opposed the proposal of the Protestant princes to make a grant for the War against the Ottoman Empire conditional upon the abolition of the clause concerning ecclesiastical reservation, and he continued to support the Habsburgs.

Balkandji

As the Stara Planina mountain range used to be called “The Balkan” in Bulgaria, it also means “a man from the mountains”, mainly referring to the revolutionaries and people that were hiding in Stara Planina while Bulgaria was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, hence a brave and patriotic young man.

Barrio Patronato

In early 20th century there was a massive influx of Christian Palestinians and Lebanse fleeing the Ottoman Empire due to religious prosecution, and later the economic situation and the outbreak of World War I.

Bosnian Pony

It is thought that there were infusions of oriental stock by the Turks during the Ottoman Empire, after which more Tarpan blood was added to make the modern Bosnian Pony breed.

Bourganeuf

Prince Cem Sultan, pretender to the throne of the Ottoman Empire, was kept prisoner here in the fifteenth century.

Cinema of Syria

Eight years later, the Ottoman administration established the first film theater, in Damascus.

Clifford Day Mallory Cup

A piece of history in and of itself, the Mallory Cup was originally gifted by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire to the family of Lord Nelson in appreciation of his command over the English fleet that defeated Napoleon in the Battle of the Nile.

Column of Justinian

It stood in the western side of the great square of the Augustaeum, between the Hagia Sophia and the Great Palace, and survived until the early 16th century, when it was demolished by the Ottomans.

Courtney's and Steel's Post Commonwealth War Graves Commission Cemetery

The campaign lasted eight months and was fought by British Empire and French forces against the Ottoman Empire in an attempt to force Turkey out of the war and to open a supply route to Russia through the Dardanelles and the Black Sea.

Daniel Decker

Named after the city where one of the first massacres of the Armenian people took place, “Adana” tells the story of the Armenian Genocide, during which soldiers of the Ottoman Empire forced 1.5 million Armenians into starvation, torture and extermination because they would not renounce their Christian faith.

Douglas Haskell

The son of American missionaries, Haskell was born in the Ottoman Empire, in the Balkan city of Monastir, now Bitola in the Republic of Macedonia.

Dresden Castle

It displays more than 600 objects of art from the Ottoman Empire, making it one of the oldest and most significant collections outside Turkey.

The Turkish Chamber (Türckische Cammer) is a separate collection within the Dresden Armory that is focused on art from the Ottoman Empire.

Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre

He conferred numerous benefactions on St. Saviour's, and induced the Turks to remove the stable which obstructed the light and air of the little monastery of the Holy Sepulchre.

Henry Joy Fynes-Clinton

On 6 January 1920, Fynes-Clinton issued a leaflet to all churches and chapels in England in support of Armenians, Syrians and other Christians of the Ottoman Empire.

History of Benghazi

It was in 1578 that the Turks invaded Benghazi and it was ruled from Tripoli by the Karamanlis from 1711 to 1835, then it passed under direct Ottoman rule until 1911.

Hrovača

Like similar names (e.g., Hrvatini and Hrobači, a hamlet of Dobravlje), it originally referred to medieval Croatian resettlement from the south connected with Ottoman occupation of the central Balkans.

Illés Relief

The scale model reflects the city under the later stages of Ottoman rule.

James Dallaway

He had dedicated his Origin and Progress of Heraldry to Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk, the Earl Marshal, and through the Duke's influence he was appointed chaplain and physician to the British embassy to the Ottoman Empire led by Robert Liston.

Karl Krumbacher

Krumbacher's extensive travels in Greece and the Ottoman Empire became the basis of his Griechische Reise (1886).

Katarija

Tradition states that the church was built to replace an older church that stood in Velika Vas but was burned by Ottoman forces.

Kato Asites

While being under Turkish domination between 15th and 19th centuries, a Turk tried to sabotage a Cretan wedding.

Legend of Saint Ursula

The paintings were commissioned by the Loredan family, who had the Scuola of St. Ursula under their patronage and who had been distinguished for their military deeds against the "infidel" Ottomans, which are repeatedly echoed in the panels of the cycle.

Leslie Davis

The mass deportations ordered by the Turks, in which hundreds of thousands of Armenians were crammed into freight cars and shipped hundreds of miles to die in the desert or at the hands of killing squads, were far worse than a straightforward massacre, he wrote.

Moldavian Bull's Heads

Aside from the economic advantage derived from simplifying communications, the stamps and the symbol they used were a political statement against the Ottoman Empire that still exercised suzerainty over the principality.

Nicholas Sutton

Osmanoğlu is the daughter of Şehzade Osman Selaheddin Osmanoğlu Efendi, Imperial Prince of the Ottoman Empire (born Alexandria, 7 July 1940) and Athena Joy Christoforides Hanımefendi, (born London, 9 March 1944).

Osmanoğlu family

The Osmanoğlu family refers to the current members of the historical House of Osman (the Ottoman dynasty) who were the sole rulers and the namesake of the Ottoman Empire from 1299 until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1922.

Perim

Afonso de Albuquerque, Portuguese governor of India, landed on Perim in 1513, but did not stay in the face of opposition from the Ottoman Empire, whose naval base at Suez dominated the Red Sea.

Piana degli Albanesi

In 1482-1485, after several attacks from the Ottoman Empire, the Orthodox Christian Albanians were forced to the Adriatic coast where they hired ships from Republic of Venice and escaped by sailing managed to advance up to reach Sicily.

Piana degli Albanesi was founded in the late fifteenth century by a large group of Albanian refugees coming from the Balkans during the conquest of the latter by the Ottoman Empire.

Rio Claro, São Paulo

Starting in the 19th century, Rio Claro attracted large numbers of immigrants from European countries, especially from Germany, Switzerland and Italy, but also from Spain, Portugal, some Eastern European countries, and a substantial community of Christian Arabs from the then Ottoman Empire (mostly Syrian and Lebanese).

Siege of Krujë

The Siege of Krujë refers to four attempts of the Ottoman Empire to capture Krujë in Albania during the 15th century.

Syringa vulgaris

--no italics for hybrid symbol ×-->, the finer, smaller "Persian lilac", now considered a natural hybrid — were introduced into European gardens at the end of the sixteenth century, from Ottoman gardens, not through botanists exploring the Balkan habitats of S. vulgaris.

The Turkish Bath

In 1825, he copied a passage from Letters from the Orient by Lady Mary Montagu, who had accompanied her British diplomat husband to the Ottoman Empire in 1716 - her letters had been re-published eight times in France alone between 1763 and 1857, adding to the Orientalist craze there.

Tok Janggut

Jihadism- Tok Janggut was influenced by the message of Jihadism promulgated during the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, which advocated the fight against Western imperialism

United States foreign policy in the Middle East

Moreover, in comparison to European powers such as Britain and France which had managed to colonize almost all of the Middle East region after defeating the Ottoman Empire in 1918, the United States was "popular and respected throughout the Middle East".

Usman

Ottoman Empire, also known as Osmanli, Empire of Osman (modern-day Turkey)

Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire

Vassal States were a number of tributary or vassal states, usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Porte, over which direct control was not established, for various reasons.

William Cosgrove

Corporal Cosgrove led a company section during the attack on the Turkish positions.


Abu Bakr Effendi

Sheikh Abu Bakr Effendi (1814–1880) was an Osmanli qadi who was sent in 1862 by the Ottoman sultan Abdülmecid I at the request of the British Queen Victoria to the Cape of Good Hope, in order to teach and assist the Muslim community of the Cape Malays.

Aptera, Greece

The hilltop, about 150 metres above the sea, commands views of Souda Bay and the Akrotiri Peninsula to the north, the Lefka Ori (White Mountains) to the south, and Kalives and the Turkish Itzendin Castle to the east; the city of Chania is not quite visible to the west.

Bahr negus Yeshaq

When the Ottoman general Özdemir Pasha, who had been made governor of the Ottoman province of Habesh, crossed over from Jeddah in 1557 and occupied Massawa, Arqiqo and finally Debarwa, capital of the Bahri negassi, Yeshaq led the local peasantry against the invaders, recapturing Debarwa and seizing the "immense treasure" the invaders piled up within.

Bankalar Caddesi

Bankalar Caddesi (English: Banks Street), alternatively known as the Voyvoda Caddesi (English: Voivode Street), located in the historic Galata quarter (present-day Karaköy) within the district of Beyoğlu (historic Pera) in Istanbul, Turkey, was the financial center of the Ottoman Empire.

Çandarlı

The town's landmark is the 15th century Ottoman castle built by the Grand Vizier Çandarlı (2nd) Halil Pasha (to distinguish from his homonymous grandfather).

Coffee culture

Coffeehouse culture has a high penetration in much of the former Ottoman Empire, where Turkish coffee remains the dominant style of preparation.

Colorado Ranger

The original foundation ancestors of the Colorado Ranger were two stallions brought to the United States and given to US president Ulysses S. Grant by the Turkish Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1878.

Darda, Croatia

Ottoman traveler Evliya Çelebi in 1663 described Darda as an important market place with a strong fortress with towers.

Dimitrios Tomprof

Tomprof, of Smyrna in the Ottoman Empire, placed either fourth or fifth in his preliminary heat of the 800 metres, though records do not indicate whether he was ahead or behind countryman Angelos Fetsis.

Epameinondas Deligiorgis

He was not a proponent of the Megali Idea (Great Idea) and thought that a better solution to the Eastern Question would be to improve the condition of the Greeks living in Ottoman-controlled Macedonia, Epirus, Thrace and Asia Minor by liberalising the Ottoman Empire.

Eugen Binder-Kriegelstein

He then went to work briefly for the press office of the Foreign Ministry of the Ottoman Empire in Constantinople.

Fathers of the Holy Sepulchre

The convent is accessible only from the basilica, which under Ottoman rule was in charge of Muslim guards.

Flag of the Ba'ath Party

The flag is almost identical to the Palestinian flag, and extremely similar to the flags of Jordan, and Western Sahara, all of which draw their inspiration from the Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule (1916–1918).

Georgian dialects

The obsolescent Kizlar-Mozdokian dialect, was spoken in the north central Caucasian areas of Kizlyar and Mozdok by descendants of those Georgians who fled the Ottoman occupation of Georgia in the early 18th century.

Gracia Mendes Nasi

Under Dona Gracia, the House of Mendes dealt with King Henry II of France, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, his sister Mary, Governess of the Low Countries, Popes Paul III and Paul IV, and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

Hector de Castro

Hector de Castro(1849 – January 30, 1909) was an Ottoman born American businessman and diplomat.

Ieremia Movilă

The potential conflict with the country's Ottoman overlord was defused after the Poles negotiated an agreement with Sinan Pasha, although Moldavia was invaded by the Khan of Crimea and Ottoman vassal Ğazı II Giray.

Italian city-states

At the beginning of the sixteenth century, apart from some minor city-states like Lucca or San Marino, only the republican Venice was able to preserve her independence and to match the European monarchies of France and Spain and the Ottoman Empire (see Italian Wars).

İzmir Clock Tower

In the former Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire, particularly in present-day Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin towns such as Belgrade, Prijepolje, Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Gradačac and Stara Varoš, similar Ottoman era clock towers still exist and are called Sahat Kula (derived from the Turkish words Saat Kulesi, meaning Clock Tower.)

Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg

He was recruited by Venice into the successful defence of Corfu during the 1716 siege against the invading Ottoman Turks; he was decorated by the Serenissima for his outstanding success with a statue and a pension of 5000 ducats a year.

Jovan Sterija Popović

In his poem Godine 1848 (Year 1848) it is the betrayal of the ideals of the American Revolution—legal slavery in the land of the free; in Izobraženiku (To an Enlightened One) it is the hypocrisy of those who condemn the Ottoman Empire as barbaric, while at the same time engaging in conquest and the slave trade themselves.

Kafr 'Inan

It is during the rule of the Ottoman Empire over Palestine that the form Kafr ʿInān (Kafr 'Anan) first appears. The village is listed in 1596, as forming part of the nahiya (subdistrict) of Jira under the Liwa of Safad, with a population of 259.

Karl von Normann-Ehrenfels

After his father's death he succeeded him as master of his estates at Ehrenfels, but in early 1822, along with other philhellenes, he sailed to Greece to assist the Greek rebels in their uprising against the Ottoman Empire.

Karşıyaka

It is also called "KSK", and locally as Kaf Sin Kaf, following the initials in Arabic script since the club's past dates back to Ottoman times.

Legend of Saint Ursula

The banners over the tower, red-white with three golden crowns, are those of the Ottoman sultan Mehmet II, the main Venetian enemy during Carpaccio's life.

Leo Kereselidze

Keresselidze led a military unit of Georgian volunteers, the Georgian Legion, which fought on the German side and was transferred to the Ottoman-Russian Caucasus front.

Limanköy, Çayeli

Mapavri was since long inhabited by the Laz community, and was part of the Roman Empire and then the Empire of Trebizond until was brought within the Ottoman Empire by Mehmet II in 1461, although this coast has always been vulnerable to invaders from across the nearby Caucasus.

Lower Kolašin

The Ottoman Empire established its rule over a part of Vraneš in 1396, and managed to occupy the entire area by 1463-1465, making it part of Herzegovina.

Mameluke sword

Marine Corps history states that a sword of this type was presented to Marine First Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon by the Ottoman Empire viceroy, Prince Hamet, on December 8, 1805, during the First Barbary War, as a gesture of respect and praise for the Marines' actions at the Battle of Derne.

Müzeyyen Senar

Senar was born on July 16, 1918 in the village of Gököz in the Keles district of Bursa Province, in the then Ottoman Empire.

Nicolae Milescu

In 1660-1664, he acted as representative of his country with its Ottoman overlord, and then as envoy to Berlin and Stockholm.

Nikola Bošković

Nikola came to Dubrovnik as a boy and his parents sent him to become a trader's apprentice for a wealthy trader called Rad Gleđević, who then dispatched him to Novi Pazar in the Ottoman Empire (today Sandžak, Serbia) to learn from the local traders.

No. 40 Wing RAF

Augmented by a giant Handley Page bomber, No. 40 Wing took part in the Battle of Megiddo, General Allenby's final offensive in Palestine, where its units inflicted "wholesale destruction" on Turkish columns through sustained aerial assaults.

Olive wood carving in Palestine

The art developed and became a major industry in Bethlehem and nearby towns like Beit Sahour and Beit Jala in the 16th and 17th centuries when Italian and Franciscan artisans on pilgrimage to the area — by now under the rule of the Ottomans — taught the residents how to carve.

Pavlos Rakovitis

Born in Rakovo, Florina, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Kratero, Florina, Greece) in 1877, he grew up to be the captain of 40 strong soldiers during the Macedonian Struggle.

Pursuit to Haritan

Anti–British and anti–Armenian demonstrations led Allenby to order Chauvel to occupy the towns of Marash, Urfa, Killis and Aintab and dismiss the Ottoman commander of the Sixth Army, Ali Ihsan.

Soulcalibur Legends

Later, Siegfried is tasked by the Masked Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire to find the remaining pieces of Soul Edge in order to use it to win the war against Barbaros of the Ottoman Empire.

The Polish Rider

A “soldier of Christ”, an idealistic representation of mounted soldiers defending Eastern Europe against the Turks, or simply a foreign soldier have been suggested.

Thymios Vlachavas

In the 19th century, he achieved a prominent position among the other klepht leaders, and led the fight against Ali Pasha, the powerful and semi-independent Ottoman governor of Yanina.

War of the Quadruple Alliance

Finally, on 21 July 1718, the Treaty of Passarowitz ended the war with the Ottoman Empire and on 2 August, this led to the formation of the Quadruple Alliance, with the Emperor now joining the Triple Alliance.

Young Turks

The unity among the Young Turks that originated from the Young Turk Revolution began to splinter in face of the realities of the ongoing dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, especially with the onset of World War I in 1914, with the Ottoman Empire joining the Central Powers against the Allies.