X-Nico

2 unusual facts about Polish-Lithuanian


Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth

The idea of Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth returned during the January Uprising, when in 1861, a patriotic demonstration took place at Horodło.

New Poland, based on the Second Union of Horodlo was to be based on the three nations, and its proposed coat of arms consisted of Polish eagle, Lithuanian Pahonia, and patron saint of Ruthenia, Archangel Michael.


1884 in art

Stanisław Chlebowski, Polish painter, especially of oriental themes (born 1853)

Alexander N. Rossolimo

His maternal grandfather, Anatole Pavlovich Boudakovitch, was a Russian-Polish count and colonel in the Imperial Russian Army, who died in battle near Warsaw during World War I.

Andrey Kivilev

Approximately forty kilometres from the stage finish, as the peloton passed through Saint-Chamond, Kivilev collided with Polish team mate Marek Rutkiewicz and German Volker Ordowski of Team Gerolsteiner, although they were not seriously hurt and finished the stage.

Aryeh Leib Epstein

Aryeh Löb ben Mordecai Ha-Levi Epstein (Ba'al ha-Pardes) (1708 – June 26, 1775) was a Polish rabbi born in Grodno.

Austeria

Austeria (aka The Inn) is a Polish feature film directed by Jerzy Kawalerowicz, produced by Zespół Filmowy "Kadr" and released in 1983.

Battle of Trembowla

Heroic resistance of Polish forces became a symbol, and was glorified and immortalised in the paintings of Franciszek Smuglewicz, Józef Peszka and Aleksander Lesser.

Bryza

PZL M28B Bryza - a Polish STOL light maritime patrol, cargo and passenger plane

Budka Suflera

After few member changes the band finally made in March 1974 to be their first major recording, "Sen o dolinie" as the Polish cover of Bill Withers' "Ain't No Sunshine".

Cipher Bureau

:For the Polish organization see Biuro Szyfrów, for the U.S. intelligence agency see Black Chamber.

Dionizy Czachowski

Dionizy, through his mother, was a cousin of the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin; the two shared a grandfather, Jakub Krzyżanowski.

Flag of Poland

Such armbands were worn by Polish freedom fighters during the Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919) and Silesian Uprisings (1919–1921), as well as during the Second World War (1939–1945) by the soldiers of the Home Army (AK) and Peasants' Battalions (BCh) – usually emblazoned with the acronyms of their formations.

Giedraitis

Giedraitis family, a noble family in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Grochowiak

Sebastian Grochowiak (born 1977), Polish vocalist, member of metal band Witchmaster

Gwiaździsta eskadra

Gwiaździsta eskadra told the romantic story of love between a Polish girl and an American volunteer pilot in the Polish 7th Air Escadrille (better known as the Kościuszko Squadron) during the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921.

History of Katowice

Following the annexation of Silesia by Prussia in the middle of 18th century, a slow migration of German merchants began to the area, which, until then was inhabited primarily by a Polish population.

Jacek Rostowski

From 1989 to 1991 during Poland’s great economic transformation following the fall of communism, Vincent-Rostowski was an advisor to the Polish Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister, Leszek Balcerowicz.

Jan Rokita

When the negotiations for the future European constitution started in the end of 2003, he coined the slogan: "Nicea o muerte – Nicea albo śmierć" ((Treaty of) Nice or death), which was more or less the official position of the Polish delegation.

Jarosław Hampel

He received his speedway license in 1998 with the Polish team Polonia Piła, although he first started racing on a mini-track in Pawłowice, close to the city of Leszno.

Kaunas Railway Tunnel

The construction was surveyed by the French engineer G. F. Perrot, as well as Polish-Lithuanian engineer Stanisław Kierbedź.

Kleiza

Saulius Kleiza (born 1964), Lithuanian shot putter and discus thrower

Kołakowski

Leszek Kołakowski (1927–2009), Polish philosopher and historian of ideas

Magdalena Abakanowicz

Magdalena Abakanowicz (born June 20, 1930, in Falenty, Poland) is a Polish sculptor and fiber artist.

Mieczysław Młynarski

He played in Poland national basketball team for 9 years (1975–1984), including all matches of the Polish team during Summer Olympic tournament in Moscow, 1980.

No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron

Finally on July 1, 1940 the No. 300 Polish Bomber Squadron was created as the first such Polish units at RAF Bramcote, as a part of the Polish Air Forces in Great Britain.

Nova Kakhovka

Park of Stepan Faldzinsky, the Park Architecture Monument, is named after the native Polish of Podolie, the agrarian Stepan Faldzinsky who created the green oasis at the Oleshky Sands.

Operation Bürkl

The goal of the operation was to "liquidate" Franz Bürkl, a notorious Sicherheitspolizei officer who had been sentenced to death by the Polish Special Courts for the murder of at least several dozen people.

Piotr Stoiński

Piotr Stoiński Jr. (1565–1605), his son, Polish Socinian Unitarian writer

Piotra Sych

There he joined the Polish Army in the East, being formed under command of General Władysław Anders, just like hundreds of other Belarusians from Western Belarus (Kresy).

Polish Cemetery at Casamassima

The cemetery is maintained by the municipality of Casamassima and the Polish Honorary Consul General in Bari, Italy.

Polish rock

Meanwhile, there was second wave of Polish rock called Krajowa Scena Młodzieżowa (Sztywny Pal Azji, Chłopcy z Placu Broni, Róże Europy, Kobranocka, Tilt, Mr Z'OOB, Rezerwat), but with minor market and/or artistic success.

Przegląd

It has been critical of the policies of all post-communist governments, and is opposed to the monetarist policies that were instituted by Polish economist and finance minister Leszek Balcerowicz.

Rodryg Dunin

He was a student at Maria Magdalena Gymnasium (high school) in Poznań, where he participated actively in a secret Polish educational-social youth movement, and later studied at academies in Tetschen (Děčín), Bohemia, and Leipzig, Saxony.

Rolf Pingel

It was briefly flown for evaluation testing until it crashed near Fowlmere on 20 October 1941, killing its Polish pilot F/O J. Skalski.

Ryan Max Riley

According to his Yale biography, Riley has a pet polish dwarf rabbit named Thibault after a character (Tybalt) in William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet and the pet lobster of the French poet Gérard de Nerval, a pet lobster that Nerval used to walk around Paris with a blue ribbon.

Ryszard Riedel

Ryszard Henryk Riedel (September 7, 1956 in Chorzów - July 30, 1994 in Chorzów) – was the original lead singer of blues-rock band Dżem (Polish for 'jam').

Siege of Neamţ Citadel

The story is as following: on their way back after raiding Moldavia, the 25 000 men-strong army of Polish king John III Sobieski came across Cetatea Neamţului, defended by less than 20 men.

Stefan Constantinescu

The exhibition incorporates a cardboard installation with a series of video works by Hungarian artist Péter Forgács, Poland’s Zuzanna Janin, UK-based collaborators Karen Mirza and Brad Butler, Lithuanian Deimantas Narkevičius and Switzerland’sYves Netzhammer, sound-work by Liliana Moro, a sculpture by Via Lewandowski and Constantinescu's own film My Beautiful Dacia.

Stefania Sempołowska

Stefania Sempołowska (born 1 October 1869 in Polonisz near Środa Wielkopolska) was a Polish educator and writer.

The Career of Nicodemus Dyzma

Nicodemus Dyzma is a small-town man who comes to the Polish capital from the Eastern provinces (known as "Kresy") in search of work.

The strongest man in the world

Zishe Breitbart, a Polish-born circus performer, known as "Strongest Man in the World"

Third Partition of Poland

These Polish nationalists participated in uprisings against Austria, Prussia, and Russia in former Polish lands, and many would serve France as part of Napoleon’s armies.

Thomas R. Allen

In 2010 Allen cosponsored an ordinance with 30th Ward Alderman Ariel Reboyras that designated a stretch of Central Avenue in the vicinity of its intersection with Belmont Avenue as "Honorary Lech Kaczynski Way" to honor the deceased Polish President.

Treaty of Zgorzelec

The Treaty of Zgorzelec (Full title The Agreement Concerning the Demarcation of the Established and the Existing Polish-German State Frontier, also known as the Treaty of Görlitz and Treaty of Zgorzelic) between the Republic of Poland and East Germany (GDR) was signed on 6 July 1950 in Polish Zgorzelec, since 1945 the eastern part of the divided city of Görlitz.

Warszawa Wschodnia railway station

It is now considered the worst railway station in Poland, according to Gazeta Wyborcza which gave it last place in the ranking of 23 most significant Polish railway stations.

Władysław III of Poland

The situation did not change even after the Sejm (Polish parliament) had gathered in Piotrków in 1438, and declared the fourteen-year-old king to have attained his majority.

Władysław Orkan

He is known as one of the greatest Polish writers from Podhale region and Górale folk; most famous of his works portray the common people from that region.

Workshop for All Beings

The organization conducted projects on preservation of the Wapienica Valley in Bielsko-Biała, they protested against building a coke plant just by the Polish border in Stonava in the Czech Republic, against building of a nuclear power plant in Żarnowiec as well as against deforestation of Bielsko-Biała.

Yuri Dolgorukov

Sophronius "Yuri" Dolgorukov (1602–1682), general and governor, won a series of victories in the Russian-Polish war of 1654-67, including the Battle of Werki, led the army to crush the rebellion C. Razin

Yusif Vazir Chamanzaminli

There he published his research work Lithuanian Tatars dedicated to the history and culture of Lipka Tatars.

Zofia Wasilkowska

Zofia Wasilkowska (9 December 1910 in Kalisz – 1 December 1996 in Warsaw), was a Polish communist politician.


see also

4th Regiment of Front Guard

Incorporated into the Saxon army during the reign of Wettin dynasty in Poland, in 1764 it became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Army.

Casimir of Poland

Saint Casimir (1458 - 1484), Polish-Lithuanian prince, patron saint of Poland, Lithuania, and the young

Delta wing

As the manuscript was discovered only in 1961 until recently the conception of such stabilizers and their name had been suggested in the 17th century by the Polish-Lithuanian military engineer Kazimierz Siemienowicz.

Eustachy

Eustachy Tyszkiewicz (1814–1874), Polish–Lithuanian noble, archaeologist and historian from the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Franciszka

Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa (1705–1753), Polish-Lithuanian noble dramatist and writer, first Polish woman playwright

Integraph

It was invented independently about 1880 by the British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys and by Bruno Abakanowicz, a Polish-Lithuanian mathematician from the Russian Empire.

Jakub Sobieski

Jakub Sobieski (May 5, 1590 – June 23, 1646) was a Polish-Lithuanian noble, parliamentarian, diarist, political activist, military leader and father of King Jan III Sobieski.

Kazimierz Siemienowicz

Born in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, he served the armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a federation of Poland and the Grand Duchy, and in the armies of Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, a ruler of the Netherlands.

Kmicic

Samuel Kmicic - a nobleman (szlachcic) from Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Kościuszko's Squadron

The name Kościuszko's Squadron or Kościuszko's Escadrille, taken from the Polish-Lithuanian hero Tadeusz Kościuszko, has been borne by several units of the Polish Air Force throughout its history.

Kozienice

A pontoon bridge was built over the river, which was later moved to Czerwińsk and used by Polish troops to cross the Vistula (Wisła) between June 30 and July 3, 1410 (see Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War).

Levinus Warner

Warner departed from Amsterdam in December 1644, travelling overland via Gdańsk and Lviv in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Lipka Tatars

Charles Bronson - Polish-Lithuanian American actor whose father was a Lipka Tatar, born in Druskininkai (Druskienik)

May Constitution

Constitution of May 3, 1791, was a constitution of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth adopted on May 3, 1791

Mikhail Muravyov

Count Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky (1796-1866), known for his suppression of the Polish-Lithuanian January Uprising of 1863

Mikołaj Daniłowicz

Mikołaj Daniłowicz (c. 1558 – May 30, 1624) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman and politician.

Olsztynek

During the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War, the 1410 Battle of Grunwald (known as the (First) Battle of Tannenberg in German sources) took place in the vicinity of the town, whereby the Knights suffered a historic defeat.

Pasek

Jan Chryzostom Pasek, szlachcic of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 17th century

Paweł Stefan Sapieha

He inherited the Halshany seat of his family, and early started his political and military career, participating in wars fought by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Polish Livonia

Inflanty Voivodeship, a district of the Duchy of Livonia (1561–1621) that was retained by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth after the Treaty of Oliva in 1660

Duchy of Livonia, a dominion of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Sarmatism

In the 19th century the Sarmatist culture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was portrayed and popularised by Henryk Sienkiewicz in his trilogy (Ogniem i Mieczem, Potop, Pan Wolodyjowski).

Sigismund of Lithuania

Sigismund III Vasa (1566 – 1632 N.S.), head of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

Treaty of Bromberg

The treaty consisted of several agreements, including the Treaty of Wehlau signed on 19 September 1657 by the Brandenburg-Prussian and Polish-Lithuanian envoys in Wehlau (Welawa, now Znamensk).

Waldemar Rezmer

A professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, he specializes in the modern military history, particularly Polish, Lithuanian and Soviet.