X-Nico

unusual facts about Substrate



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3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine

3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine or TMB is a chromogenic substrate used in staining procedures in immunohistochemistry as well as being a visualising reagent used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Active site

Emil Fischer's lock and key model assumes that the active site is a perfect fit for a specific substrate and that once the substrate binds to the enzyme no further modification occurs.

AGA cooker

Gustaf Dalen lost his sight in an explosion while developing his earlier invention, a porous substrate for storing gases, Agamassan.

Aleptina arenaria

Gypsum sand is the substrate of the white dune field at White Sands National Monument.

B4GALT5

They encode type II membrane-bound glycoproteins that appear to have exclusive specificity for the donor substrate UDP-galactose; all transfer galactose in a beta1,4 linkage to similar acceptor sugars: GlcNAc, Glc, and Xyl.

Betta raja

When maintaining the aquariums for these species, instead of using substrate, breeders go for driftwood roots or branches, bark of Beech or oak and position them in a way that offers some kind of shades to the fish.

Bithynia tentaculata

This species is found on the substrate in fall and winter (including gravel, sand, clay, mud or undersides of rocks) and on aquatic macrophytes (including milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum and muskgrass, Chara spp.

Cell division control protein 4

Cdc4 adapts a suprafacial configuration: The substrate-binding sites lie in the same plane AS the catalytic sites, with a separation of 64Å within and 102Å between each SCF monomer.

Chou’s distorted key theory for peptide drugs

According to Fisher’s lock-and-key model proposed by Hermann Emil Fischer in 1884 and Koshland’s induced fit theory by Daniel E. Koshland, Jr. in 1958, given a peptide, the prerequisite condition for it to be cleaved by HIV-protease is a good fit and binding between the substrate and the enzyme’s active site.

Computronium

Computronium is a material hypothesized by Norman Margolus and Tommaso Toffoli of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to be used as "programmable matter," a substrate for computer modeling of virtually any real object.

Cre recombinase

Tyr 324 acts as a nucleophile to form a covalent 3’-phosphotyrosine linkage to the DNA substrate.

Dasycladales

They contain only one nucleus in their vegetative stage, which remains in the bottom of the cell in the holdfast at the substrate.

Dhatu

Dhātu -- a Buddhist Sanskrit technical term meaning realm or substrate.

Diffusion limited enzyme

The theory of diffusion-controlled reaction was originally utilized by R.A. Alberty, Gordon Hammes, and Manfred Eigen to estimate the upper limit of enzyme-substrate reaction.

European folklore

The culture of Classical Antiquity, including mythology, Hellenistic religion and magical or cultic practice was very influential on the formative stage of Christianity, and can be found as a substrate in the traditions of all territories formerly colonized by the Roman Empire, and by extension in those territories reached by Christianization during the Middle Ages.

GLUT4

The receptor then phosphorylates and subsequently recruits Insulin Receptor Substrate or IRS-1, which in turn binds the enzyme PI-3 kinase through the binding of the enzyme's SH2 domain to the pTyr of IRS.

GM2A

The protein encoded by this gene is a small glycolipid transport protein which acts as a substrate specific co-factor for the lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase A.

Goidelic substrate hypothesis

Ranko Matasović points out that there are words of possibly or probably non-Indo-European origin in other Celtic languages as well; therefore, the substrate may not have been in contact with Primitive Irish but rather with Proto-Celtic.

Griddle

Casual impact from metal spatulas or pots and pans tend to deform the substrate, causing the chrome VI to crack and spall - T-1 steel has three times the yield strength of A36 steel, offering effective proof against this effect.

Hozon

Hozon is made from a fermentation process that combines koji, salt and a primary substrate, such as cashews, chickpeas, or lentils.

Hunsingo

The population always spoke a Frisian dialect, but, by uniting the city of Groningen with the surrounding district, that Frisian merged into the Low Saxon (Platduuts) of the city, though the language of the surrounding countryside still retains a strong Frisian substrate.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1

This gene encodes a protein that interacts with huntingtin, with two cytoskeletal proteins (dynactin and pericentriolar autoantigen protein 1), and with a hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS).

Jerome Horwitz

Also during 1964, he published the first production and demonstration of X-gal as a chromogenic substrate.

Laforin

Its physiological substrate has yet to be identified and the molecular mechanisms in which mutated laforin causes Lafora disease is unknown.

Maud Menten

In 1912 she moved to Berlin where she worked with Leonor Michaelis and co-authored their paper in Biochemische Zeitschrift (1913;49:333–369) which showed that the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is proportional to the amount of the enzyme-substrate complex.

Mazda Kabura

Kabura's concept interior is produced from regenerated leather substrate, mostly from post-industrial waste recovered from the manufacturing of Nike brand athletic shoes.

Nanoimprint lithography

In a standard T-NIL process, a thin layer of imprint resist (thermoplastic polymer) is spin coated onto the sample substrate.

Nucleasome

Like Proteasome it exhibits a barrel-like architecture that appears to have evoled to restrict substrate access and prevent indiscriminate degradation.

Oxygenation

Oxygenase, an enzyme that oxidizes a substrate by transferring the oxygen from molecular oxygen O2 (as in air) to it

P84

a class I PI 3-kinase, a subgroup of the enzyme family, phosphoinositide 3-kinase that possess a common protein domain structure, substrate specificity, and method of activation

Passiflora lindeniana

The Kew trees are growing in "slightly acidic, open, peat free, multipurpose substrate compost with added Perlite and fine bark" according to Vanderplank.

Peduncle

In stalked barnacles, one of two external divisions of the body, a stalk attached to the substrate by cement glands

Proto-Germanic language

The theory of a non-Indo-European substrate was first proposed by Sigmund Feist, who estimated that about 1/3 of the Proto-Germanic lexical items came from the substrate.

Pteria colymbus

In El Niño years, there is increased rainfall in the Caribbean Sea which reduces the salinity, more sediment is stirred up from the substrate and there is greater run-off of nutrients from the land.

Pyocyanine

Firstly, the NADPH used by pyocyanin depletes the available substrate for the reaction catalysed by the NADPH oxidase enzyme.

Rac3

Rac3 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3) is a small (~21 kDa) monomeric GTP-binding protein G protein and is an important component of intracellular signalling pathways.

RAG1

The encoded protein is involved in recognition of the DNA substrate, but stable binding and cleavage activity also requires RAG2.

Scanning probe lithography

: Destructive - In which the patterning is done by providing the substrate with energy (Either mechanical, or thermal, photonic, ionic, electronic, Xrays, and so on and so forth) to physically, chemically, electronically deform the substrate's surface.

Scientific echosounder

;Bottom type; Seabed type; Substrate type; or Sediment type : can be assessed and classified (e.g., sand, rock, soft mud, hard mud).

Silicon photomultiplier

Silicon photomultipliers, often called "SiPM" in the literature, are Silicon single photon sensitive devices built from an avalanche photodiode (APD) array on common Si substrate.

Solar cell research

This transparent, UV-absorbing system was achieved by using an organic-inorganic heterostructure made of the p-type semiconducting polymer PEDOT:PSS film deposited on a Nb-doped strontium titanate substrate.

Trifolium friscanum

Frisco clover is known as a "narrow endemic" because it grows on a particular substrate: gravelly and bouldery volcanic soils, Ordovician limestone, and dolomite.

Underpotential deposition

The occurrence of underpotential deposition is often interpreted as a result of a strong interaction between the electrodepositing metal M with the substrate S (of which the electrode is built).

VIPR2

While the receptors for VIP (VIRP 1 and 2) and PACAP (ADCYAP1R1) share homology, they differ in their substrate specificities and expression patterns.

Zmacs

It is based on the ZWEI programming substrate, which stands for "Zwei Was Eine Initially"; Zwei was a collection of routines which could be used to easily implement other programs, like the Symbolics mail program, Zmail- Eine stood for "Eine is not Emacs".

Zymography

The zymogram is subsequently stained (commonly with Amido Black or Coomassie Brilliant Blue), and areas of digestion appear as clear bands against a darkly stained background where the substrate has been degraded by the enzyme.


see also