X-Nico

unusual facts about in vitro


Methylthioninium chloride

In vitro studies suggest that methylene blue might be an effective remedy for both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease by enhancing key mitochondrial biochemical pathways.


Herpes labialis

Lysine has been suggested as a treatment for herpes labialis based on in vitro studies, but the evidence is inconclusive in humans.

Mir-711 microRNA precursor family

miR-711 has been found to target and suppress Heat Shock Protein 70.3 in vitro at a post-transcriptional level via its 3' untranslated region.

Mobile phone radiation and health

Australian research conducted in 2009 by subjecting in vitro samples of human spermatozoa to radio-frequency radiation at 1.8 GHz and specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.4 to 27.5 W/kg showed a correlation between increasing SAR and decreased motility and vitality in sperm, increased oxidative stress and 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine markers, stimulating DNA base adduct formation and increased DNA fragmentation.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

Extracts of the seeds, flowers and leaves possesses immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antileishmanial, antiviral and antifungal activities in vitro.

PAREXEL

A documentary shown in the UK on 28 September 2006 featuring journalist Brian Deer as part of Channel 4's Dispatches series exposed uncertainty about the existence of data that should mandatorily have been submitted by TeGenero to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) prior to the trial indicating whether TGN1412 had been adequately tested on human blood in vitro.

Per Manum

In another flashback, Scully tells Mulder that her attempt at in vitro fertilization has failed, but he simply tells her to keep trying.

Sustainable agriculture

Several attempts have been made to produce an artificial meat, using isolated tissues to produce it in vitro; Jason Matheny's work on this topic, which in the New Harvest project, is one of the most commented.

Terminalia schimperiana

In laboratory experiments, extracts of the plant were found to have in vitro antibiotic properties against Staphylococcus.

Thioflavin

The dye is widely used to visualize and quantify the presence of misfolded protein aggregates called amyloid, both in vitro and in vivo (e.g., plaques composed of amyloid beta found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients).


see also

3D cell culture

Early studies in the 80’s, led by Mina Bissell from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, highlighted the importance of 3D techniques for creating accurate in vitro culturing models.

Absinthin

While no synthases specific to Artemisia absinthium have been sufficiently isolated to recreate this particular sesquiterpene formation in vitro, the general reaction scheme presented here portrays a likely scenario for Absinthin biosynthesis through the use of terpene intermediates utilized in the biosynthesis of Germacrene A, another sesquiterpene lactone.

Acetosyringone

In vitro studies show that acetosyringone increases mycorrhizae formation in the fungus Glomus intraradices.

Apotex Inc. v. Wellcome Foundation Ltd.

In vitro testing on mouse cells revealed that AZT was potentially effective against AIDS.

Bioresorbable stents

Many researchers prefer to use in vitro corrosion simulations using pseudo-physiological solutions such as EMEM or HBSS.

Buparvaquone

It can be used to treat bovine East Coast fever protozoa in vitro, along with the only other substance known - Peganum harmala.

CCR5

The normal ligands for this receptor, RANTES, MIP-1β, and MIP-1α, are able to suppress HIV-1 infection in vitro.

Ciglitazone

Ciglitazone significantly decreases VEGF production by human granulosa cells in an in vitro study, and may potentially be used in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Coptis chinensis

For example, a 1996 in vitro study found Coptis chinensis extracts to be effective against the gastrointestinal parasite Blastocystis hominis.

Dilute Russell's viper venom time

This in vitro diagnostic test is based on the ability of the venom of the Russell's viper to induce thrombosis.

Ependyma

Jonas Frisén and his colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm provided evidence that ependymal cells act as reservoir cells in the forebrain, which can be activated after stroke and as in vivo and in vitro stem cells in the spinal cord.

Fernando Bonilla-Musoles

In 1982, Bonilla's team began to develop in vitro propagation techniques of Britain's Robert Edwards, in Spain.

In 1982, Bonilla's team began to develop in vitro propagation techniques of Britain's Robert Edwards (Nobel 2010), pioneering in 1984 the first test tube baby gestate in Spain.

Griffith's experiment

A German bacteriologist, Fred Neufeld, had discovered the three pneumococcal types (Types I, II, and III) and discovered the Quellung reaction to identify them in vitro.

Immunogenicity

EpiVax inc., led by CEO/CSO, Dr. Annie De Groot, MD, has a number of publications citing the process, and results, of deimmunzaiton by epitope modification for reduced immunologic potential in-vitro, in-vivo and ex-vivo.

NFX1

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional repressor capable of binding to the conserved X box motif of HLA-DRA and other MHC class II genes in vitro.

Nitinol biocompatibility

In vitro tests use indicators of thrombosis, such as platelet, Tyrosine aminotransferase, and β-TG levels.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Kary Mullis conceived PCR in 1985 as an in vitro simplified reproduction of the in vivo process of DNA replication.

Ruth Fowler Edwards

Dr Ruth Fowler Edwards (1930-2013) was a British geneticist and the long-time wife and companion of Robert G. (Bob) Edwards, the "father" of in vitro fertilization (and 2010 Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine "for the development of in vitro fertilization").

Sandro Mussa-Ivaldi

He and his collaborators have developed the first neurorobotic system in which a neural preparation in-vitro - the brainstem of a Lamprey - controls the behavior of a mobile-robot through a closed-loop interaction.

Squid giant synapse

Early electrophysiological studies demonstrated the chemical nature of transmission at this synapse by making simultaneous intracellular recording from the presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals in vitro (Theodore Holmes Bullock and Hagiwara (1957), Hagiwara and Ichiji Tasaki (1958), Takeuchi and Takeuchi (1962).

Synaptic scaling

Older cultures (>18 days in-vitro) receiving the same experimental conditions, increase mEPSC frequency and maintain the same mEPSC amplitude.

A long-term, concurrent confocal microscopy and electrophysiology investigation conducted on cortical rat in-vitro neural networks (age > 3 weeks in-vitro) growing on Multi Electrode Arrays examined the correlation between network activity levels and changes in the sizes of individual synapses.

The study demonstrated inducing 2 days of post-synaptic activity blockade (via pharmaceutical application of TTX) in younger cultures (≤2 weeks in-vitro) increased mEPSC amplitude and did not change mEPSC frequency.

TNFRSF13C

B-cell activating factor (BAFF) enhances B-cell survival in vitro and is a regulator of the peripheral B-cell population.

Toxic oil syndrome

None of the in vivo or in vitro studies performed with toxic-oil-specific components, such as fatty acid anilides and esters of PAP, have provided evidence that these markers are causally involved in the pathogenesis of TOS.

Trounson

Alan O. Trounson, Australian biologist, pioneer of in vitro fertilisation; Emeritus Professor, Monash University and President of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine

Variable surface glycoprotein

INn Trypanosoma congolense, in vitro analyses of the incorporated sugars after hydrolysis of the glycoprotein showed that glucosamine and mannose are utilized in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate moiety directly whereas galactose was converted possibly to other intermediates before being incorporated into the antigen.