X-Nico

unusual facts about transmembrane



CDH17

The encoded protein is cadherin-like, consisting of an extracellular region, containing 7 cadherin domains, and a transmembrane region but lacking the conserved cytoplasmic domain.

CLCNKA

The encoded protein is predicted to have 12 transmembrane domains, and requires a beta subunit called barttin to form a functional channel.

Collagen, type XXIII, alpha 1

The functions of collagen XXIII are still unknown, although it is believed that they could be similar to other transmembrane proteins, such as collagen XIII.

Coronaviridae

The viral envelope, obtained by budding through membranes of the ER and/or Golgi apparatus, invariably contains two virus-specified (glyco)protein species, S and M. Glycoprotein S comprises the large surface projections, while the M protein is a triple-spanning transmembrane protein.

DPM2

The protein encoded by this gene is a hydrophobic protein that contains 2 predicted transmembrane domains and a putative ER localization signal near the C-terminus.

Dystroglycan

alpha-dystroglycan is extracellular and binds to merosin alpha-2 laminin in the basement membrane, while beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein and binds to dystrophin, which is a large rod-like cytoskeletal protein, absent in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients.

Efraim Racker

Once both of these factors were identified Racker was able to confirm Peter D. Mitchell's hypothesis that contrary to popular opinion, ATP synthesis was not coupled to respiration through a high-energy intermediate but instead by a transmembrane proton gradient.

Enterovirus 71

The receptors for EV71 and CVA16 have been identified as P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 and scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2); both are transmembrane proteins.

Entry inhibitor

A polyclonal caprine antibody is in phase II human clinical trials that targets, among others sites, the GP41 transmembrane glycoprotein.

Interleukin-1 receptor

The IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) is a transmembrane protein that interacts with IL-1R and is required for IL-1 signal transduction.

JAML

Other members of the JAM family of transmembrane proteins include JAM1, JAM2 and JAM3.

Mercury transporter

Mercury transporter (MerF) is a transmembrane bacterial transporter of mercury ions.

Nitrate reductase

A transmembrane nitrate reductase that can function as a proton pump (similar to the case of anaerobic respiration) has been discovered in a diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii.

Phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate

PtdIns(3,4)P2 is dephophosphorylated by the phosphatase INPP4B on the 4 position of the inositol ring and by the TPTE (transmembrane phosphatases with tensin homology) family of phosphatases on the 3 position of the inositol ring.

POPDC3

This gene encodes a member of the POP family of proteins which contain three putative transmembrane domains.

Scavenger receptor

CD36 and scavenger receptor class BI (SR-BI) are identified as oxidized LDL receptors and classified into class B. Both proteins have two transmembrane domains, and they are concentrated in a specific plasma membrane microdomain, the caveolae.

Tetherin

Vpu interacts with tethrin by interacting with the protein at its transmembrane domain and recruiting β-TrCP2, which causes ubiquitination and degradation of tetherin.

Voltage sensitive phosphatase

The homologues to Ci-VSP in mammals are called Transmembrane phosphatases with tensin homology, or TPTEs.


see also