X-Nico

unusual facts about Antigen


Antigen

In order to keep the cytotoxic cells from killing cells just for presenting self-proteins, self-reactive T cells are deleted from the repertoire as a result of tolerance (also known as negative selection).


Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

Immunophenotyping using MoAb to megakaryocyte restricted antigen (CD41 and CD61) may be diagnostic.

Australian native bees

However, they may sting more than once, and can cause an allergic reaction—increasing effect associated with repeated exposure to the antigen.

Bet v I allergen

Trees within the order Fagales possess particularly potent allergens, e.g. the prototypical Bet v1, the major white birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen antigen.

CD11

LFA1 (CD11a/CD18) short representation of Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen 1, also called αLβ2 integrin

Chemically linked Fab

The molecule is bound to a tumour cell via the tumour antigen CD30 and to a macrophage via an Fc receptor.

Danger model

Because APC cells are not antigen specific and capture also a self structures, in 1989 Charles Janeway proposed a new theory, so called the Infectious-Nonself Model.

DNA polymerase delta

DNA polymerase delta is an enzyme complex found in eukaryotes that is involved in DNA replication and repair, and it consists of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the multisubunit replication factor C, and the 4 subunit polymerase complex: POLD1, POLD2, POLD3, and POLD4.

DQ4

HLA-DQ4, a Human leukocyte antigen HLA-DQ serotype that recognizes the DQB1*04 gene products

Emil R. Unanue

That observation, called MHC restriction, led to a conundrum; namely, that the ability of a T cell to recognize foreign antigen also required that it recognize "self." With Paul M. Allen, Ph.D., the Robert L. Kroc Professor at Washington University School of Medicine, Unanue discovered that peptides from foreign antigens were bound to a group of molecules known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).

FUT4

It catalyzes the synthesis of the non-sialylated antigen, Lewis x (CD15).

Hepatitis A vaccine

Each adult dose contains 1440 ELISA units of viral antigen adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide (0.5 mg Al).

Hepatitis B vaccine

It was withdrawn from the marketplace when Pablo DT Valenzuela, Research Director of Chiron Corporation succeeded in 1986 in making the antigen in yeast and invented the first recombinant vaccine.

HLA-DQ7

DQ7 is a form of 'split antigen' of the broad antigen group DQ3 which also contains DQ8 and DQ9.

HLA-DR2

HLA-DR2 (DR2) of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group.

HLA-DR5

HLA-DR5 (DR5) is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.

HLA-DR6

HLA-DR6 (DR6) is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR13 and HLA-DR14 antigen serotypes.

Immunoglobulin E

Tanox, a biotech company based in Houston, Texas, proposed in 1987 that by targeting membrane-bound IgE (mIgE) on B lymphoblast and memory B cells, those cells can be lysed or down-regulated, thus achieving the inhibition of the production of antigen-specific IgE and hence a shift of immune balance toward non-IgE mechanisms.

Immunostimulant

#Non-specific immunostimulants act irrespective of antigenic specificity to augment immune response of other antigen or stimulate components of the immune system without antigenic specificity, such as adjuvants and non-specific immunostimulators.

Interferon gamma

Cause normal cells to increase expression of class I MHC molecules as well as class II MHC on antigen presenting cells—specifically through induction of antigen processing genes, including subunits of the immunoproteasome (MECL1, LMP2, LMP7), as well as TAP and ERAAP in addition possibly to the direct upregulation of MHC heavy chains and B2-microglobulin itself

Macrophage-1 antigen

Macrophage-1 antigen (or integrin αMβ2) is a complement receptor ("CR3") consisting of CD11b (integrin αM) and CD18 (integrin β2).

N-Acetylgalactosamine

In humans it is the terminal carbohydrate forming the antigen of blood group A.

Natural killer T cell

They and other CD1d-restricted T cells ('Type 2' NKT) recognize lipids and glycolipids presented by CD1d molecules, a member of the CD1 family of antigen presenting molecules, rather than peptide-MHC complexes.

Phosphopeptide

Phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues is conserved during MHC class I and MHC class II antigen processing.

PLA2R1

M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is a major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy.

Sialyl-Lewis A

Occurrence of the Sialyl Lewis A antigen, detected with the CA19-9 antibody, is highly correlated advanced epithelial cancers, such as stage III and stage IV colorectal cancers.

Thy1

CD90, formal name of Thymocyte antigen 1, a cluster of differentiation 90

Titia de Lange

De Lange obtained her Masters on "Chromatin structure of the human ß-globin gene locus" at the University of Amsterdam in 1981, and subsequently her PhD at the same institution in 1985 with Piet Borst on surface antigen genes in trypanosomes.

Transfer factor

In 1942, Merrill Chase discovered that cells taken from the peritoneum of Guinea pigs that had been immunized against an antigen could transfer immunity when injected into Guinea pigs that had never been exposed to the antigen; this phenomenon was the discovery of cell-mediated immunity.

Typhidot

The test is based on the presence of specific IgM and IgG antibodies to a specific 50Kd OMP antigen, which is impregnated on nitrocellulose strips.

Variable surface glycoprotein

INn Trypanosoma congolense, in vitro analyses of the incorporated sugars after hydrolysis of the glycoprotein showed that glucosamine and mannose are utilized in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate moiety directly whereas galactose was converted possibly to other intermediates before being incorporated into the antigen.

Virus quantification

ELISA is a more modern variation of a protein assay that utilizes a specific antibody linked to an enzyme to detect the presence of an unknown amount of antigen (i.e. virus) in a sample.

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia

Bone marrow tumour cells express the following antigen targets CD20 (98.3%), CD22 (88.3%), CD40 (83.3%), CD52 (77.4%), IgM (83.3%), MUC1 core protein (57.8%), and 1D10 (50%).


see also