(doctor of canon law) and returned to Westphalia in 1879, where he became chaplain in the parishes of Havixbeck and Emmerich.
On the other hand, he incurred the strong opposition of the conservative and landed section of the Catholics, of some of the higher clergy like Cardinal Archbishop Felix von Hartmann of Cologne, and of the Bavarian agricultural interests as represented by the Bavarian Catholic People's Party in the State Diet at Munich and in the Reichstag in Berlin.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe | Otto von Bismarck | Felix Mendelssohn | Alexander von Humboldt | Wernher von Braun | Carl Maria von Weber | Herbert von Karajan | Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher | John von Neumann | Felix Frankfurter | Lars von Trier | Ferdinand von Mueller | Paul von Hindenburg | Alexander von Humboldt Foundation | Heinrich von Kleist | Anne Sofie von Otter | Erich von Stroheim | Max von Sydow | Justus von Liebig | Hermann von Helmholtz | Franz von Papen | Felix the Cat | Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg | Carl von Clausewitz | Von Ryan's Express | Richard von Weizsäcker | Félix Guattari | Theodore von Kármán | Manfred von Richthofen | Erich von Däniken |
The conclave brought together cardinals from the combatant nations, including Károly Hornig from Austria-Hungary, Louis Luçon from France, Felix von Hartmann from Germany and two from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Francis Bourne (from England & Wales) and Michael Logue (from Ireland).