X-Nico

2 unusual facts about kinase


3-Deoxyglucosone

In 2000, the 3-phosphokinase responsible for the formation of F3P was cloned and named fructosamine 3-kinase (FN3K).

Single-molecule magnetic sequencing

After the RNase cleavage of the last six nucleotides, the next step is phosphorylation of the 5'-end via Kinase.


Adenylate kinase

Enhanced growth and elevated photosynthetic amino acid is associated with plastidial adenylate kinase deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana.

ANA773

TRAF3 activates ‘TANK Binding Kinase 1’ (TBK1) which activates ‘Interferon Regulatory Factor 3’ (IRF3).

APC/C activator protein CDH1

Suppression of Cdh1 by RNA interference leads to an aberrant accumulation of APCCdh1 target proteins, such as cyclin A and B, the kinase AuroraB, PLK1, Skp2 and Cdc20, another APC/c co- activator.

Atg1

ULK1 and ULK2 (unc-51-like kinase) have been reported to have an additional function in neuronal development, e.g. outgrowth regulation of mouse neurons.

Axl

AXL receptor tyrosine kinase in biochemistry, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family of cell surface receptors

Chuk

CHUK, the Conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase (also known as IKKα or IKK1)

Congenital myasthenic syndrome

This pathway consists of agrin, muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK), acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and the AChR-clustering protein rapsyn, encoded by the RAPSN gene.

Crizotinib

About 4% of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma have a chromosomal rearrangement that generates a fusion gene between EML4 ('echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4') and ALK ('anaplastic lymphoma kinase'), which results in constitutive kinase activity that contributes to carcinogenesis and seems to drive the malignant phenotype.

CUTL1

Researchers from the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute reported that the mutation of CUX1 reduces the inhibitory effects of a biological inhibitor, PIK3IP1 (phosphoinositide-3-kinase interacting protein 1), resulted in higher activity of the growth promoting enzyme, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) which leads to tumor progression.

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) is also known as "extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1" (ERK1).

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Most GIST cells with wildtype (i.e. not mutated) c-kit instead have a mutation in another gene, PDGFR-α (platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha), which is a related tyrosine kinase.

GLUT4

The receptor then phosphorylates and subsequently recruits Insulin Receptor Substrate or IRS-1, which in turn binds the enzyme PI-3 kinase through the binding of the enzyme's SH2 domain to the pTyr of IRS.

Histidine kinase

A two-component system, involving histidine kinase and a variable response regulator protein, may be critical to the virulence of some fungal strains such as Candida albicans, which is often responsible for causing candidiasis in immunocompromised persons.

Huntingtin-associated protein 1

This gene encodes a protein that interacts with huntingtin, with two cytoskeletal proteins (dynactin and pericentriolar autoantigen protein 1), and with a hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS).

IRAK4

IRAK-4 (interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4), in the IRAK family, is a protein kinase involved in signaling innate immune responses from Toll-like receptors.

LTK

Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase, in biochemistry, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family of cell surface receptors

MAD1

BUB1 is the other kinase that recruits Mad1 to kinetochores and activates it if a kinetochore is unattached.

Marginal zone B-cell

In specimens where the tyrosine kinase for Pyk-2 has been knocked-out, marginal zone B-cells will fail to develop while B-1 cells will still be present.

MiR-338

miR-338 is located in an intronic region within the gene for apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase (AATK).

MTORC2

It is composed of mTOR, rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (RICTOR), GβL, and mammalian stress-activated protein kinase interacting protein 1 (mSIN1).

Ogden Bruton

The gene associated with this defect is also named after him: Btk, abbreviation for Bruton's tyrosine kinase.

P18

p18 (protein) a member of the INK4 family of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors.

P84

a class I PI 3-kinase, a subgroup of the enzyme family, phosphoinositide 3-kinase that possess a common protein domain structure, substrate specificity, and method of activation

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate

PtdIns3P is dephosphorylated by the myotubularin family of phosphatases, on the D3 position of the inositol ring, and can be converted to PIKfyve.

Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate

In T-cells, two “downstream of tyrosine kinase” proteins DOK1 and DOK2 are proposed as PtdIns5P-binding proteins and effectors.

Polo kinase

Examples and other names in common use include Cdc5, Cdc5p, Plk, PLK, Plk1, Plo1, POLO kinase, polo serine-threonine kinase, polo-like kinase, polo-like kinase 1, serine/threonine-specific Drosophila kinase polo, and STK21.

Pom1

Pom1 is a polarity protein kinase in fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe), that localizes to cell ends and regulates cell division.

Protein kinase

Kinases are turned on or off by phosphorylation (sometimes by the kinase itself - cis-phosphorylation/autophosphorylation), by binding of activator proteins or inhibitor proteins, or small molecules, or by controlling their location in the cell relative to their substrates.

Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1

Protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 has been shown to interact with TSC2.

It is the catalytic subunit of the 5'-prime-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

Quizartinib

Specifically, Quizartinib selectively inhibits class III receptor tyrosine kinases, including FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3/STK1), colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R/FMS), stem cell factor receptor (SCFR/KIT), and platelet derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs).

RANKL

This protein was shown to activate antiapoptotic kinase AKT/PKB through a signaling complex involving SRC kinase and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which indicated this protein may have a role in the regulation of cell apoptosis.

RAR-related orphan receptor alpha

The specific functions of this protein are not known, but it has been shown to interact with NM23-2, a nucleoside diphosphate kinase involved in organogenesis and differentiation, as well as with NM23-1, the product of a tumor metastasis suppressor candidate gene.

Rett syndrome

An atypical form of RTT, characterized by infantile spasms or early onset epilepsy, can also be caused by a mutation to the gene encoding cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5).

Sphingosine kinase

During "100,000 Airplanes", a third season episode of The West Wing, sphingosine kinase is fictitiously described as "the enzyme believed to control all signal pathways to cancer growth."

Src family kinase

Src family kinase is a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases that includes nine members: Src, Yes, Fyn, and Fgr, forming the SrcA subfamily, Lck, Hck, Blk, and Lyn in the SrcB subfamily, and Frk in its own subfamily.

STK11

The LKB1 activation loop, a critical element in the process of kinase activation, is held in place by MO25, thus explaining the huge increase in LKB1 activity in the presence of STRAD and MO25 .

TEL-JAK2

The oligomerisation domain of the TEL protein (also called ETV6) becomes juxtaposed to the tyrosine kinase domain of JAK2, and as result the TEL-JAK2 displays constitutive kinase activity.

Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK

The tyrosine-protein kinase BLK has been shown to interact with UBE3A.

Volasertib

Volasertib (also known as BI 6727) is a small molecule inhibitor of the PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1) protein being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim for use as an anti-cancer agent.


see also