To see why a single case can play such distinct roles at all, read morphosyntactic alignment, and also a short table about it.
English language | French language | Spanish language | German language | Italian language | Russian language | Greek language | Arabic language | Portuguese language | Chinese language | Swedish language | Japanese language | Turkish language | Tamil language | Dutch language | Persian language | Hebrew language | Hungarian language | Irish language | Bengali language | Polish language | Telugu language | Korean language | Welsh language | Java (programming language) | Czech language | Serbian language | Catalan language | Finnish language | Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film |